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biofilm
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The answer BIOFILM has 0 possible clue(s) in existing crosswords.
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Definitions of biofilm in various dictionaries:
noun - a thin layer of microorganisms
BIOFILM - A biofilm comprises any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded ...
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| Possible Dictionary Clues |
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| A thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms. |
| A thin but robust layer of mucilage adhering to a solid surface and containing a community of bacteria and other microorganisms. |
| Biofilm description |
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A biofilm comprises any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and DNA. Because they have three-dimensional structure and represent a community lifestyle for microorganisms, they have been metaphorically described as "cities for microbes".Biofilms may form on living or non-living surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial and hospital settings. The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single-cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. Biofilms can form on the teeth of most animals as dental plaque, where they may cause tooth decay and gum disease. * Microbes form a biofilm in response to various different factors, which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. When a cell switches to the biofilm mode of growth, it undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated.A biofilm may also be considered a hydrogel, which is a complex polymer containing many times its dry weight in water. Biofilms are not just bacterial slime layers but biological systems; the bacteria organize themselves into a coordinated functional community. Biofilms can attach to a surface such as a tooth, rock, or surface which may include a single species or of a diverse group of microorganisms. The biofilm bacteria are able to share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. A biofilm usually begins to form when a free-swimming bacterium attaches to a surface. |